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Definition of trauma: how to distinguish a fracture from injury

Without injuries and fractures rarely costs the lives of physically active people. It is therefore necessary to know how to distinguish a fracture from injury. And one second can seriously affect performance and overall health. But if the injury is mild can be treated successfully on their own, at fracture, you must seek the assistance of a doctor-traumatologist.

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The definition of contusions and fractures

Bruises (or contusions) are called soft tissue injuries. In medicine these States are divided into degrees. So, injuries are characterized by mild symptoms are quite specific:

  • noted a small swelling;
  • changes the color of the skin (a bruise);
  • there is a sharp pain.

The soreness could increase if the need arises to move the damaged limb and body part.

When injuries of 2nd degree the symptoms are more pronounced:

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  • damage happens and the bundle of muscle tissue;
  • formed hematoma;
  • inflammation, manifested by severe edema;
  • there is an increase in body temperature;
  • increase in breathing and heart rate;
  • the pain is sharp and strong character.

Contusions of 3 degrees can be dangerous to human health, especially if you damaged the head, knees, the tailbone, or joints. Their characteristic symptoms:

  • pronounced damage of muscles and tendons;
  • may have concomitant dislocations.

When injuries 4 degrees of normal functioning and activity of the authorities often violated. Injured body parts cannot perform their functions, and the General state of human health can be severe.

A fracture is the disruption of bone resulting from injury or certain diseases. In turn, the fractures are divided into closed and open. Fractures suffers only bone structure, with open - and bone structure and the tissue surrounding it. To confuse compound fracture injury is impossible, since the main symptoms of trauma is the breakdown of muscle and skin, bleeding.

otek pri zakrytom perelomeIf we consider a closed fracture, the main symptoms are:

  • swelling;
  • sharp and severe pain;
  • a large hematoma.

Closed fractures are divided into injuries with displacement and without displacement of bone fragments. Symptoms of closed fractures without displacement is almost similar to the manifestations of injury, soto determine the type of injury can only be a specialist.

How to distinguish fractures from injuries

The main task of the doctor-traumatologist or surgeon is to determine the type of injury received by the patient. Usual diagnostic procedures include a visual inspection of the injury and the x-ray. In the case when operative to get on reception to the doctor is impossible, you will need a method called syndrome of axial load. With it, you can see what kind of injuries to people.

When you suffer damage to the bone and its outer sheath, called the periosteum. The bone itself does not contain pain receptors, but they are in large numbers are located in the periosteum.

■ to determine the type of injury, you need to create pressure on the affected limb in the longitudinal direction.

konsultaciya vracha pri travmeFor example, if you suffered any stretch of legs, the person should be asked to bear weight on leg or tap on the heel. The occurrence of pain in these manipulations with a high probability will indicate a fracture.

In addition, you need to pay attention to the condition of the patient's body and General well-being and to remember that:

  • during injury suffer muscle and soft tissue, and broken bones;
  • over time the pain when the fracture increases, and with the injury - subsides;
  • when distinct symptoms of fracture the patient must be immediately taken to the doctor, with bruises is to provide rest for the injured body and to apply cold in the first hours after damage.

But there is another kind of injuries that face athletes and people engaged in active sports. This - dislocations. Often serious injuries are combined with dislocations, so the information on how to distinguish a dislocation from a fracture, looks quite relevant.

It should be based on the notion of dislocation. In this type of injury occurs sudden and severe sprains, ruptures of capsules, ligaments and joints. This change leads to disruption of the shape of the joint and blocking movement in it. If the fracture of the pain covers the entire segment of the injured limb, then with dislocation of the pain is concentrated directly at the site of injury. In addition, when the fracture can change the appearance and form of the extremities, luxation, however, the form of the limb remains unchanged, but may change the degree of expansion or contraction in comparison with a healthy body.

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First steps with bruises or broken limbs

Actions to be taken after the injury, we can consider the example of hand injuries. For example, a man injured finger. Inyou first need to find out exactly what type of finger injury has occurred, a bruise or a fracture. Required to ask the victim about the status of the limb. In case of simple injury will be observed small bleeding, which will occur bruising, swelling and moderate pain.

At fracture, the patient will complain of sudden and severe pain, the finger can change its shape, and in a random motion there will be crepitation of the bone, or the creaking of fragments of bone tissue.

In any case, in the first minutes after injury are required to provide a victim with all possible assistance: to give him pain pills to relieve the pain. For an accurate diagnosis of a person needs to take to the specialist. If there is doubt that there was a simple injury does not exist, should be applied to the damage place a bag of ice or bottle of cold water.

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When receiving any injury it must be remembered that it is not always a layman can recognize the seriousness of the damage. Therefore, the best solution is the immediate treatment in the emergency room or clinic. The doctor will conduct the necessary diagnosis and prescribe effective and competent treatment.