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The types of open fractures and helping

An open fracture is extremely unpleasant and very painful damage to bones and soft tissues. When a person observed an open fracture, often seen bleeding wound, a broken bone will be visible from the outside.

problema otkrytogo perelomaOften in such cases, a person has a painful shock, a bleeding, and most dangerous, there is a risk of infection in the body. All of this is considered extremely dangerous to human life, and if time does not render the qualified medical aid, it could end badly. Statistics show that an open fracture occurs most often after a mechanical impact. It can be an occupational injury or accident.

The types of open fractures

vidy perelomovThere is a classification of open fractures. There are several types of fractures of this type:

  • cross;
  • helical;
  • scythe;
  • krupnojacheistye;
  • melkooskolchaty;
  • double (maybe with displacement of bone fragments with or without offset).

Open fractures of the feet and hands

When diagnosed fracture of the extremities open, this event is considered the most severe because the damage is very serious, and complete recovery may take a long time. If a person has a broken leg, then it should immediately use a tourniquet slightly above the damage. This is necessary in order to stop the bleeding. Then you need to put the victim on a stretcher and only in the supine position in a hospital, and this must be done as quickly as possible.

obrashenie k vrachu travmatologu

In some cases, an ambulance may go for a long time, then you need to explore the wound and splint it. Apply a splint on the broken leg itself, and the clothes of the person. Under the elbow and under the leg fracture, you need to put something comfortable and soft. Check how the patient feels and the condition of the wiring, because the force with which the tourniquet tightens the leg, from time to time need to change and adjust. Otherwise, there may be further complications, and the rehabilitation process will be delayed significantly.

Open fracture of bones of hands you can meet more often. Usually this injury can be obtained in the result of a severe blow or fall on the hand. In this case, there are not only signs of an open fracture, but a few nuances. In the damaged place hand is severely swollen, there will be deformity of the joints that hurt. In addition, begin a fat embolism, the cause of whichbecomes poor circulation due to shock. It is very important to monitor what the temperature of the wrist of the affected person. If the temperature begins to drop, this is the first sign of impaired circulation.

When a person gets an open fracture of the hand, there is a huge risk of losing large amounts of blood due to rupture of the arteries. Known cases when arterial bleeding could not stop for almost three days.

Before the experts will come and the ambulance, to make a person with a fracture was calm and didn't move. In addition, it is very important to impose on the broken section of the arm splint-fixator. If there is severe bleeding, above the open fracture is overlaid with wire or very tight bandage. In this case, the duration of treatment can reach 6 months.

Open fracture of the tibia

Open fracture of the tibia is considered the most complex in terms of what treatment may be very long and during it possible purulent (57% of cases) or other complications of the plan. In addition, no one can give 100% guarantee that the leg will heal straight, even 83% is a complete and, most importantly, the proper Union of bones of the lower leg.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n8-Ao5hDYm8

Open fracture thumb

Open fracture of bones of fingers is considered to be the most simple form of damage. Due to the fact that the bones of the fingers are very thin, treatment and further rehabilitation process takes no more than two months. The bones of the fingers heal extremely quickly. Practice shows that complications of fractures of the finger are rare.

First aid for open fracture type

pervaya pomosh pri perelome otkrytogo tipaIf the person suffered an open fracture and has all the symptoms that confirm this, then first aid you need to have immediately. So you can to avoid further complications (post-traumatic shock, bleeding, infection, damage to major blood vessels, etc.). If you notice the victim in a state of shock, you should immediately conduct therapy to people came to life.

Before arrival of doctors in any case it is impossible to independently attempt to set the bones, which can look out. If you notice that the bleeding is augmented, then immediately apply a tourniquet. If the blood quite a bit, it will be simply a tight bandage, which is to be applied just above the open fracture. Directly next to the fracture is to be applied and a gauze bandage pre-moistened in a sterile solution.

In addition, each type of open fracture can be called bacterial contaminated. Ifthe wound will get germs, it may be wound complication of an infectious-type: septic, anaerobic, putrid, or tetanus. There are also a number of factors that can cause infectious complications: poor circulation, a large area of damage, the presence of at least a small amount of dead tissue trophism, a very weak immunity etc.

Treatment of open fractures

polza lfk posle pereloma otkrytogo tipaTreatment of open fractures - a very difficult task, and the time it takes a lot. In the first place at the break open type, you must do everything possible to prevent the occurrence of purulent tissue infections.

Today, there are 3 special methods that are used for the treatment of open fractures:

  1. Immobilization method. This method is effective for the treatment of fractures that originated in the region of the tibia. Also it can be used in some cases with an open fracture of the shoulder.
  2. Extension method. This method of treatment is very effective and is used in cases where there is an open fracture with displacement of the bones. It is also called the method of constant tension, because for almost the entire treatment is used weight-lifting counterweight.
  3. The operational method. It is considered the most complex, is used only when the fracture has one or more chip dice.

Each of these methods is accompanied by antibiotic therapy.

It includes the oral intake of strong antibiotics, as well as the introduction of a special drip serum.

As already mentioned, the whole process of treatment and rehabilitation after open fracture is very time consuming. In the rehabilitation period, each victim should independently or with the help of experts to use gymnastic exercises that will help to restore the former physical condition. The load must be increased gradually, we should not forget about the use of physiotherapy equipment.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Er9EWn_Xn0

Whatever an open fracture, it is very important to give first aid.