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How to treat a hip fracture

A hip fracture is quite common, and in both animals and humans (especially the elderly) when the bones become fragile.

problema pereloma bedra

Conventionally, these injuries can be divided into three main types:

  • broken parts of the femur (neck, trochanteric hip fracture);
  • shaft (body damage);
  • fracture of the lower part of the femur.

Differ these injuries mechanical injuries, symptoms, applied treatment methods, consequences.

otek i narushenie funkcii konechnosti pri perelome bedraFracture of the hip often causes the consequences, such as death, therefore, is one of the most serious injuries after a fracture of the spine. In old age, 78 % of people appear on the places of fractures, malignancies.

Symptoms of a hip fracture have a General picture of the damaged area always hurts, and swells. It's hard and painful to make any movement, not to mention walking.

The treatment of these injuries can be conservative or surgical. But, in most cases, especially when the injury is accompanied by displacement of the broken parts, surgeons prescribed surgery.

Providing first aid for hip fracture, you should immediately put the person on a horizontal surface, call the emergency assistance because some fractures can cause traumatic shock, hemorrhage into the soft tissue. To reduce the risk of death, all therapeutic measures should be undertaken only in a hospital under the supervision of experts.

What is a thigh

The femur, as well as any tubular, have a body - diatris, two ends (epiphyses). The upper part forms a head, which is located in the articular cavity of the pelvic bone and make the hip joint. Under the head is a thin neck, it is connected with the body at a certain angle, and from the external side are two tabs.

The lower part is enlarged and has internal and external condyle, which, in turn, is on the border of the tibia and knee.

Fracture of the femur - the upper part (femoral neck, trochanteric fracture)

stroenie bedraLine damage is in the inner part of the joint (intra-articular), or located beyond its borders (extra-articular).

There are several types of intra-articular femoral fracture, these include:

  • capital. head;
  • subcapital - fracture under the head;
  • cresselia -breaks the neck;
  • basisarticle - boundary fracture between the neck and body.

When extra-articular fracture of the injured area of the spits.

Almost always fractures of the upper region of the femur occur in older people, often in women. The main cause of these fractures is osteoporosis, and reduced muscle tone.

Women frequently such injuries occur because they have a slightly different anatomical structure of the hip, than men.

In the period from 25 to 45 years these injuries occur with a significant injury - a car accident, fall from a height. Often animals suffer such injuries, such as cats.

The symptoms include pain in the thigh, groin area. If the fracture is intraarticular, the pain is moderate and weak, but sharp movements, the walk increases. On palpation there is dull pain in the hip joint.

vidy vertelnyh perelomov bedraTrochanteric hip fractures are characterized by intense pain, which intensified during the feelings and the slightest movements. The people who got trochanteric injury, endure the pain, therefore it is considered that this form of fracture is the most severe. Especially in cases where there is an open femur fracture.

The lower limb of the patient on the side where the injury has occurred, flips to the outside. If the fracture is accompanied with displacement, one limb becomes shorter than the other. A characteristic feature of fractures of the upper part of the thigh bone is the fact that the person in the supine position were not able to raise the straight limb.

Trochanteric injury is always accompanied by severe edema, bruising in the place where the fracture occurred.

Diagnosis and treatment

To diagnose this type of damage is possible only through x-ray. Also applied a differential diagnosis is a special medical method of diagnosis. If there is suspicion of intraarticular fracture of experts conduct a magnetic resonance imaging of the hip.

diagnostika pereloma bedra pri pomoshi mrtThe neck of the femur bone not covered by periosteum, as a result, blood circulation is hampered. Fractures her fusion is not very good, and in old age when the blood carries nutrients to this area, the bone does not grow together. After a while broken fragments of bone will be recorded in the dense connective tissue that forms a scar. This condition is called fibrous adhesions.

Without transaction datafractures cannot be repaired. In old age, when not every patient can move the anesthesia or there are minor illnesses, such injuries is fraught with a disability (not disabled).

Trochanteric fractures heal well, even without surgical intervention. The only thing that can complicate the course of treatment is multisplintered pertrochanteric hip injury, which are accompanied by displacement of the broken portions of bone.

When a person enters the hospital with such a fracture, the first doctors to numb a limb, take a picture, visiting the sick. Further treatment prescribed by the surgeon depending on the extent of damage to bones, patient's age, individual characteristics of the organism.

Difficulties arise when patients have already crossed the threshold of the 70th anniversary. Surgery older patients is not carried out due to comorbidities and characteristics of the organism. So they need prolonged bed rest which can cause pneumonia or pressure sores. The basic rule in the treatment of elderly patients is to provide maximum mobility and immobilize the limb. Allowed to wear only orthopedic shoes.

hirurgicheskaya operaciya pri perelome bedra When the operation is necessary to fix the joint with three-bladed nail. Also provides for bone autoplasty.

In the future it is not excluded the appearance of a false joint or the development of aseptic necrosis of the head. In this case, doctors prescribe the procedure of endoprosthetic replacement of the hip.

Treatment of trochanteric fractures may include skeletal traction, which lasts 2 months. After this method on a limb Dr. plaster bandage. Come on foot will be possible after 12 weeks. She is healing after 20 weeks.

Surgery shortens the duration of treatment and increases the mobility of the person. At the end of 7 weeks is allowed.

Hip fracture with displacement - body injury bone

Diaphyseal fractures are considered serious because cause a painful shock and significant blood loss.

Mostly closed fracture of hip (body bone) is the result of direct blows in the fall, especially in children. Very often such injuries shifted to the broken part when twisting or irregular bending of the limb. Suffer such damages in most cases, the people involved in sports. Direct trauma may be accompanied by transverse, oblique, comminuted fractures. If the injury is indirect, as a result it creates a spiral fracture.

displaced hips" alt="Comparison of normal and skewed hip">With such fractures, the fragments, which are affected by the muscles pulled away and shifted. The direction in which they will be shifted depends on the injury.

Signs of damage to the body of the thigh bone is the strongest pain in this area, swelling, bruising. The limb is deformed, shortened. People can't walk. Fractures usually accompanied by rupture of nerves or major blood vessels. For these reasons, it may be traumatic shock and considerable loss of blood.

Before you bring the person in hospital, a broken limb must be fixed. To get him to the hospital as quickly as possible that the patient has not lost blood, and to exclude the possibility of development of traumatic shock.

In a hospital a person will be injected the analgesic, and optionally made of a blood transfusion. Plaster cast in the first phase of treatment is not applied, because it is impossible to fix broken parts in the normal position. Basic methods of treatment is skeletal traction, external fixation and surgical intervention. Not performed surgical intervention in the case, if a person is sick secondary disease are present open lesions of the skin.

If surgery is contraindicated, doctors prescribe the procedures skeletal traction, and lasting up to 5 months. Needle when this manipulation is carried out through Misaki of the femur. The patient is in the supine position. How will a heavy load, determines the trauma, and it depends on the degree of fracture and character of displacement.

Tskeletnoe vytyazhenie pri perelome bedraagely weight (9 kg or more) is established for young people who have well-developed muscular system. In the future, the load is gradually reduced. After the allotted time on leg superimposed plaster bandage for 5 months.

Conservative treatment involves finding the patient for a long time stationary. Operation allows you to speed up the process of fusion and recovery. In addition, after surgery do not develop contractures.

The operation is carried out after you have applied all methods to stabilize the condition of man immediately after the injury. During her set plate, the pin and the rod.

Injury to the lower region of the bone (condylar damage)

Such fractures occur from direct blows to the knee joint. Almost always injury provoke the displacement of the broken parts. Most often these injuries occur in the elderly.

Trauma may cause fracture of one or both condyle and borderit is located in the inner part of the joint. These injuries always provoke hemarthrosis, because the blood when fracture takes place in the inner part of the joint.

The symptoms from these fractures are pronounced: in humans, there is a strong and acute pain in the region of the knee and lower thigh. It is almost impossible to perform any movements of the limb. Knee increases, swells, Shin is rejected to the outside.

Diagnose damaged by x-rays and magnetic resonance imaging.

Treatment begins with initial pain management. If hemarthrosis develops, doctors prescribe the puncture of. If the fracture is not accompanied by displacement of the superimposed Cocina plaster cast (groin, ankle), which is removed after 1.5 month. When the injury is still caused displacement in the first place the fragments of the map, and then apply a bandage.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2W26-mZk5yg

In some cases it is not possible to lay down a broken part, then assigned to a surgical operation, during which the broken parts are fixed with screws. Sometimes the application of a skeletal traction.