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What is a fracture of the jaw and how to treat it?

A broken jaw is a common injury. It is due to an accident. It's important to recognize severe damage and begin first aid.

problema pereloma chelusti

Double fracture of the jaw is more difficult, delayed elimination imposes certain restrictions on a person's entire life.

Types of damage

Depending on the cause of the fracture there are several main types. The factors influencing their occurrence, are:

  • traumatic, were developed due to the impact force;
  • pathological, resulting from pathology in the bones.

shema pereloma chelustiThe fractures traumatic in nature include firearms and non-firearm injury. The strength of the damage they are divided into:

  • full - often associated with a pathological process;
  • incomplete - include Otomi and crack;
  • closed - damage to interior, skin and mucous membranes are intact.

Open fractures are accompanied by infection to severe clinical manifestations. If damaged alveolar process, injury is serious. In the broken jaw of this nature is observed damage to the mucous membranes.

Based on the characteristics of the line of destruction, they are divided into:

  • direct;
  • longitudinal;
  • cross;
  • oblique;
  • zigzag;
  • comminuted;
  • fractures with displacement.

The number of bone fragments damage are:

vidy perelomov chelusti

  • single;
  • double;
  • triple;
  • multiple.

In the lower jaw are located the following fractures:

  • the middle, located in the region of the Central incisors;
  • side localized closer to the mental holes;
  • which restores, in the corner;
  • cervical formed in the zone of articular processes.

In the upper jaw are observed following damage:

  • orbital;
  • suborbital (linear, perforated and comminuted).

Classification of damage is very extensive. This is due to the fact that strong jaw of the man under the special influence of some factor can be easily broken.

Factors affecting the fracture and the clinical picture

To be corrupted is able to place strong pressure. Often it is a result of excessive inflection. More common fractures of the area of the canines. Less frequently observed damage to the coronoid process. Main place of localization of lesions of the lower jaw.

doctor with the broken jaw">Damage to alveolar bone. To recognize them can only specialist. Lesions are necessarily processed, dental segments are pressed with gauze. Teeth must not be removed, save them.

Damage to the condylar processes. When the mouth is open there is a strong deviation of the jaw. If the fracture is bilateral, the patient showed open bite. The contact is between the molars, the incisors do not touch.

Medial damage. To recognize the fracture is simple, the main symptoms are the presence of ectopic teeth and violation of the dental arch.

Damage to the corners. They can see a doctor, occur against the backdrop of the gap of the masticatory muscles. The damage is best detected through radiography.

Edentulous fractures. To assess the state of a person is difficult, there is no way to determine its occlusion. Diagnosis is radiography.

For fractures of the jaw characterized by severe pain, your mouth half-open. The bite is broken, there is swelling of soft tissues. On palpation the pain is worse. Saliva is painted in the color of blood. When severe fractures occur of the following symptoms: severe bleeding, breathing problems, shock.

Diagnosis of injuries

Neratovice study. This method allows you to quickly see the patient and give him a preliminary diagnosis. For open fracture characterized by the presence of wounds, severe swelling and bleeding. If the damage is closed, there is bruising, severe pain in the region of the fracture and malocclusion. Possible numbness of the lower lip, due to the region innervated by inferior alveolar nerve damage.

nepravilnyj prikus - priznak povrezhdeniya chelustiVnutridiskovoe study. It is characterized by the presence of blood in the saliva. It is necessary to conduct a quality inspection aimed at feeling the lower dental arch. The presence of malocclusion indication of damage to the jaw. The patient is asked to close the teeth, this will allow you to see any deviation. The important point is to assess the movement of the lower jaw. The person is asked to push her forward and to the sides, open/close mouth. When you do this, pay attention to the pain and limited movement. All departments of the jaw palpation, the mouth is inspected for the presence of damage to the mucous membranes and sublingual hematomas. When serious injuries are resorting to immediate operation.

X-ray examination. This method of diagnosis is the most reliable and complex. Must take multiple shots, including anterior-posterior projection. All the contours in the picture are clearly visible, but because of the imposition of the zygomatic bonethe definition of the head of the condylar process becomes problematic. In this case, do both of the lateral image.

For obtaining high-quality images, the phone, the device must be placed under the affected area of the jaw.

This will allow to assess the severity of the lesion, to determine the place of its localization and to assign a quality therapy. If you suspect the presence of multiple fractures resorting to additional x-ray.

Repairing damage to the jaws

metody immobilizacii fragmentov povrezhdennoj nizhnej chelustiThe first thing you need to stop the bleeding. This is done by means of swabs, they need to press the bleeding area. If a person suffers from shortness of breath, you need to put it face down and give me the language. In a state of shock, artificial respiration is done. An ambulance should be called immediately, high-quality treatment - the key to normal human life.

If the fracture is not characterized by high complexity, enough to create the conditions of peace to the affected area. Seek help from a doctor is necessary in any case. To undertake independently anything is not recommended, even more hope for cures.

Treatment of fractures of the jaw consists in the comparison of all the broken parts and fixing. Immobilization is achieved by overlaying a wire dental tires. Widely used wire and polymeric filament. It is permissible to use special devices. An open fracture is sutured, and the defects are removed by applying a laminar wire sutures.

Food should be high, without the need for mastication. It is desirable to feed a person with a teaspoon. After the performed manipulations to eat will be difficult. If the person does not provide the necessary assistance, can develop serious consequences. Among them include:

  • the displacement of the dentition, which leads to constant discomfort;
  • the formation of gaps between the teeth;
  • facial deformation due to the pressure of the muscles;
  • the displacement with the change of bite;
  • meningitis;
  • osteomyelitis.

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Human health is in his hands. To try to resolve the situation at home is silly. It is fraught with serious consequences.