Which species has a forearm fracture and how to treat it?

A forearm fracture can be of several types - it all depends on which of the bones of the forearm were broken and in what area. Therefore, to troubleshoot and diagnose such injuries may vary.

What are the anatomical features of the forearm

The forearm consists of two bones - the ulna and radius. The first is the elbow bone that is part of the namesake of the joint, and the coronoid process. From radius and ulna includes a head, neck and body. In addition, on their surface are tuberosity, to which are attached tendons, Misaki and epicondyles.

Any bone tube type conventionally isolated epiphysis - rounded end Department, which is involved in the formation of joint (he is the head bone) and the diaphysis is the Central portion between the two epiphyses (represented by the body of the bone). Thus, fractures of the forearm, trauma is divided into the following types:

• fractures of the bones that form the elbow joint;
• fractures of the diaphysis (upper, middle or lower third);
• fractures of the epiphysis (head and neck).

Fractures in the elbow joint

In the formation of the elbow joint involves the following elements: head and neck radius, ulna and coronoid processes of the ulna.

As with all such injuries, with fracture of the head or neck of the radial bone symptoms such as pain and swelling in the area of the elbow joint. Movement in this sharply limited, but mostly the extensor and rotational. If the head is a little pressure, the pain does not increase, however, when pressed on the joint from the bottom up painful feelings greatly increase (a positive symptom of axial load).

Diagnosis of this injury is complicated because the x-rays clearly show the localization of the fracture, the degree of divergence of fragments and the presence of debris.

Treatment at home is allowed only in the injury of the head or neck of the bone, without differences of fragments. The surgeon injects the anesthetic into the injury site, and then extends the wrist joint, sets forearm in a certain position and Flex the elbow joint. The manipulations that the doctor spends with an injured hand, can achieve the optimum position of the bone elements of the joint. Then the arm is fixed by applying a plaster splint, which you wear for about 2 - 3 weeks. Throughout the period of wearing the splint it is recommended to undergo physiotherapy with the use of UHF in addition to carry out a special exercise therapy(after a fracture, it is particularly needed).

Few things are more complicated with the treatment of fractures, accompanied by displacement of bone fragments and the presence of debris. In such cases, the trauma surgeon after anesthesia holds a special manipulation of the limb - the so-called closed manual reposition, which allows to achieve the convergence of bone fragments and bringing them into the optimal fusion position.

In a certain position of the hand fixed plaster Longuet, and then doing repeated x-rays to make sure that all fragments and debris is correctly positioned and reposition failed.

Surgical treatment is carried out in the presence of many fragments, and also in situations when closed reduction fails. Adults during the operation damaged the epiphysis of the radius is removed. In children this operation is not carried out, since the head is growing area where there is active cell division for the growth of bones. After surgery the limb should also be immobilized with a plaster splint.

Fracture of the olecranon is also accompanied by swelling, pain and impaired movement in the joint. An experienced trauma surgeon sees the external changes in the area of the joint, which enable it to suspect a fracture of the olecranon. One such change is the displacement of some conventional lines (e.g., lines of Gutera). Guidelines for their conduct are exposed side portions of the olecranon. For definitive diagnosis requires an x-ray in two projections, and for the lateral projection of the hand should be flexed at the elbow joint.

Home treatment of this injury is in the case that bone fragments are positioned correctly. The doctor releases the arm, bends it at the elbow at a right angle, and sets the forearm in a certain position. Then the limb is fixed with a plaster bandage for 3 weeks. If x-rays show an incorrect position of bone fragments or comminuted fracture, require hospitalization. Relax muscles and to achieve the optimal arrangement of fragments, the doctor is trying by closed reduction.

However, if it is ineffective, the surgery, which may include the production of special screws for fixation of bone fragments.

Fracture of the coronoid process of the ulna is rare. The symptoms of such injury are the same as with the previous two, however, the distinguishing feature is that the rotationforearm pain is not accompanied. If displacement of fragments is not detected, then the patient applied the plaster bandage the same way as is done for injury of the olecranon. The displacement of fragments, this injury is treated surgically.

Body fractures of the bones of the forearm

These injuries are divided into two groups - isolated fractures and fractures of both bones (radius and ulna). Outpatient treatment is not carried out, patients always hospitalitynet. Conservative treatment, as with other fractures includes pain management, reposition and fixation of the limb. Conservative treatment of fractures, localized in the upper, middle or lower third of the diaphysis require give a hand their strictly certain provisions before applying the plaster bandage. Addressing trauma with displacement surgically often implies special pins or plates.

Isolated fractures to the radius or ulna to diagnose more complicated than fractures of both bones. Conservative treatment for them is the same: pain, bringing his hands to optimal positioning and immobilization with a plaster splint.

Fractures of the radial bone in a typical place (fracture lower end of radius) - injury is very common. Its symptoms are pain and a stiff wrist, a positive sign of the axial load (the pain is aggravated when pressure is applied to the joint area from the bottom up). Immobilization of a limb in flexor and extensor types of fractures require different.

In addition to the usual fractures and possible perelomova bones of the forearm when the fracture of the diaphysis accompanied by a dislocation of the head. More severe case is an open fracture in which the bone Outlook shifted so much that tearing the muscles and integuments, forming the wound. To treat a fracture of the forearm need surgery.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6DrgsWZljhQ

Term wearing casts and disability is different, varies from 2 to 8 weeks and depends on many factors: the complexity of the fracture, the presence of divergence of fragments or shards, regenerative ability of bone tissue (e.g., in the elderly it is reduced). In the process of wearing casts should be avoided the forced, sharp hand movements, but it is recommended to perform special gymnastics and cautious use of the limb for some simple steps.

Important role in the normalization of the limb plays rehabilitation. It includes physical therapy and special massage.

Treatment of fractures should be conducted exclusivelyspecialist.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VGfS1dLV8w0

Self-fixing of the limb in the position unsuitable for a specific type of fracture will lead to improper fusion of the bone fragments, the violation of the congruency of the joint, the formation of a false joint and other severe consequences, which can be corrected with great difficulty and only by surgery.