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Features of calcaneus fracture

Fracture of the calcaneus is relatively rare and refers to the complex injuries requiring complex treatment. Typically, heel bone breaks from a fall from a height on straight legs and accidents as a result of compression. At risk are people whose professional activity is connected with working at height (climbers, installers), those who engage in extreme sports (parkour, skateboarding, street racing cars and motorcycles). Vulnerable to this injury, patients with osteoporosis can get a fracture almost without external cause.

problema pereloma pyatochnoj kosti

Types of fractures on the basis of the integrity of epithelial tissues:

  • open;
  • closed.

On the location of the shrapnel material:

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  • incomplete fracture, crack, split, fracture;
  • fracture without displacement of bones relative to each other;
  • fracture with displacement;
  • fracture with formation of large and small fragments, for example, compression.

Due to the specific location of the calcaneus generally occur in the fractures with displacement of fragments, and the drop to the added trauma fractures of the metatarsal bones of the ankles, lumbar and thoracic spine. Not so are dangerous fractures, as their accompanying symptoms: traumatic shock and bleeding.

Symptoms of calcaneus fracture

Calcaneus is one of the strongest in the body and the largest of the 26 bones of the foot. On it daily have a very large load, and due to the fact that the structure of spongy bone, tissue permeates the extensive system of nerves and blood vessels. This makes the broken heels are very painful. Calcaneus borders of the talus and cuboid bones, and a fall from height in most cases all three bones receives substantial damage. What are the symptoms of a fracture?

vidy pereloma pyatochnoj kosti

  1. Pain. People can not step on the foot due to severe pain. When the fracture with displacement of the tendon are affected, causing independent movement of the patient very difficult. In that case, if the individual characteristics of the innervation of the calcaneus occurs intense pain, the man still limps badly when walking.
  2. Hematoma. In trauma accumulates liquid or coagulated blood, with an open fracture the bleeding.
  3. Swelling of the whole heel area up to the Achilles tendon.
  4. The limitation of mobility. Heelthe bone is closely connected with the heel tendon and plantar ligament. With isolated fracture of the preserved mobility of the ankle joint.

To diagnose is an x-ray in three projections. In open fractures may be visible bone shards in the wound. The victim must be quickly delivered to the emergency room. In case of simultaneous fracture of several bones, for example, when falling from a height, is the greatest danger of traumatic shock and blood loss. If any of the witnesses to the injury have the skills, it is possible to impose a pressure bandage above the ankle. If there is suspected fracture of the spine of the victim cannot be moved until the arrival of the ambulance. Man with a fracture of the calcaneus can be analgesic.

Treatment of calcaneus fracture

rentgen dlya diagnostiki pereloma pyatochnoj kostiOn the way to emergency room ambulance measures to rescue human life, he is given painkillers, and the bleeding stops. If the injury is closed and not burdened with other fractures, all activities are carried out directly in the emergency room. Then the following steps are taken:

  • confirm the diagnosis with x-rays in three planes;
  • immobilization of extremities;
  • if it is necessary - surgery or manual reduction is anesthesia;
  • superimposition of circular plaster bandage to plaster the joint with embedded in it the arch of the foot and stirrup.

With an open fracture it is carried out immediately in order to as soon as possible to restore the structural integrity of tissues and to prevent complications such as infection. In uncomplicated fracture without displacement after imposition of gypsum gradual loading is allowed not earlier than in a month. Recovery time depends on the severity of the injury, in uncomplicated cases, this is approximately eight weeks. To return to normal activities the patient will be not earlier than three months and use the arch support is recommended up to six months.

gips dlya lecheniya pereloma pyatochnoj kostiIf the displacement of the bones occurred, but the joints were not damaged, the plaster is imposed for a period up to three months, gradual loading is allowed from the eighth week, and the mobility is restored to approximately the fourth month. The patient is recommended to use the instep at least the next six months after injury. A more complex case is a fracture of the calcaneus with displacement, the result of which were injured joints. In orderto restore all the structures of the foot and prevent osteoarthritis, modulated by an arch in a circular plaster bandage, which is removed not earlier than in two months.

Gradual loading is allowed from the third month, and more serious - after four months since the injury. Load the leg too early it is dangerous, it can cause the displacement of bone fragments, which are re-injure the joints, which can lead to deforming arthrosis. Approximately four months recovering patient mobility, and the use of arch support necessary in the course of the year. The recovery time after injuries can range from six months to a year and a half and depends on the severity of the damage, the individual characteristics of the organism, diet and age of the patient.

The calcaneal fractures and complications

ploskostopie - sledstvie pereloma pyatochnoj kostiDue to its specific location and big load of work that regularly tests the injured area can occur slow healing. If rehabilitation has been carried out improperly, after the coalescence of the possible chronic pain. With open fractures increased the risk of secondary bacterial and fungal infections. If the damage is large and medium-sized vessels, the formation of blood clots. Common complications is flat and the formation of bone outgrowths at the site of injury, which can make it difficult to walk.

Perhaps the development of joint stiffness if the fractures with the displacement they were injured by shrapnel, or in the case of irregular load distribution on the foot during rehabilitation. Possible deforming arthrosis, especially in repeated injury joints. For example, osteoarthritis of the subtalar joint and the joint sopara. A small percentage of patients for many years after healing remain chronic night pain. A separate category of complications are allergic reactions, contact dermatitis, which may occur in the affected leg due to a limitation of mobility.

In order that the trauma was minimal, it is important to follow the doctor's recommendations and don't rush with loads.

Recovery after calcaneus fracture

polza lfk posle pereloma pyatochnoj kostiWhen the plaster bandage is removed, the patient is prescribed physiotherapy, a special list of exercises that you can perform at home. Some of them are performed on a stationary bike based on the toe and the gradual transfer of load to the heel. The set of exercises recommended by the doctor individually, taking into accountfeatures of injury, promote early restoration of joint mobility and blood circulation in all muscles of the leg. The calcaneus fracture, treatment of which takes time, often leads to very unpleasant complications. In order to reduce the risk of their occurrence, should conscientiously do physical therapy.

Loved ones and professionals can help in the early stages of recovery, but most of the work the patient performs.

Diet for quick recovery after a fracture

Diet after a broken heel needs to be enriched With vitamins C, D and E, which help to maintain immunity at a high level and contribute to the efficient absorption of calcium. Calcium must enter in the patient's diet because it accelerates the regeneration of bone tissue. A lot of calcium contained in dairy products, including yogurt, cheeses, cottage cheese, ayran.

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It is useful to enrich the diet with proteins, there are cereals, meat, fish. To while wearing the cast do not gain weight, the diet should be balanced. Daily calcium intake should not exceed 2 grams, otherwise increases the risk of formation of kidney stones. It is important not the quantity of nutrients and how well it is absorbed. What products are not recommended to abuse during recovery after calcaneus fracture?

  • carbonated beverages;
  • alcohol;
  • foods with a high content of refined sugar.

Refined sugar hinders proper absorption of calcium. During rehabilitation it is important to listen to your feelings and choose those products that you really want to eat because they may contain those substances, which right now is not enough the body.