Home / Fractures / Types and treatment of fractured arm

Types and treatment of fractured arm

A broken arm, or a fracture, requires special attention and approach in the method of therapy. If during the period of post-traumatic rehabilitation will not be achieved the correct fusion of the damaged bone, it will not recover motor and functional capabilities of the limb. This, in turn, can lead to disability of the patient.

problema pereloma ruki

Fractures of the hands generalize a large list of different injuries. This is due to the fact that the hand consists of 30 bones. Each bone can be damaged separately or connected with other trauma. In the end, the clinical picture in the different trauma of bone structures of the hands is much different. Symptoms of damage the same bones largely depends on a closed injury or an open fracture.

Types of hand fractures

What can cause fracture of bones of hands? If the cause of the fracture is associated with injury, diagnosed with a traumatic fracture of the hand. This is possible with strong to damaging effects on healthy bone structure. Also, there are non-traumatic injuries, the causes of which pathological process in the bones of both innate and acquired origin.

nekotorye varianty pereloma kostiThey lead to changes in bone structure and thus lose their strength. What disease is possible with a broken arm nontraumatic character? Most often they are associated with various tumors - both benign and malignant, and inflammation in bone tissues. These include, for example, osteomyelitis.

Any bone fracture can be open or closed. In the first case, the injury is characterized by damage to the bones in addition to violation of the skin and soft tissues of the limb. If the fracture is closed, this is not happening. The open form of damage to the bone has the following classification:

  • primary open fractures will be in the case where damage to the soft tissues and skin has occurred during the injury.
  • if the damage occurred later, for example, during transport or medical care, its klassificeret as secondary open.

A fracture in the hand can be complete or incomplete. Full believe such damage, when the structure of the bone tissue is completely destroyed. Most often it is open fractures. If the bone structure is completely damaged, and there was a fracture or a crack, it will be considered incomplete traumatization. This phenomenon is typical for closed fractures.

The following classification reflects the characteristics of the location of the injury:

src="/injury/images/212-2.jpg" title="dealing with the broken arm to the doctor" alt="Treatment of a broken arm to the doctor">

  1. If the fracture occurred at the edges of the bone, i.e. in the area of her pineal gland, then it belongs to the epiphyseal. Usually this injury leads to disruption of the integrity of the mated joint.
  2. In the localization of the damage area between the epiphysis and the body of the bone metaphyseal injury is considered. In this case, the joint is not damaged.
  3. If diagnosed diaphyseal fracture, the fracture occurred directly in the body of the bone.
  4. Estimated treatment requires to specify the place of fracture, that is, in what area (upper, lower, or middle) it is localized.

Radiographic studies help to differentiate trauma by the nature of the passage of the line of damage to such signs:

  • transverse cracks - border damage is almost perpendicular to the bone;
  • if the fracture line is located along the bone, a longitudinal Fraktur;
  • when passing at any angle identificeret slash crack;
  • in case of detection of rough or spiral border displacement helical diagnosed injury.

immobilizaciya ruki pri perelomeFraktur is divided into injuries with displacement of the bones without moving them. It can be of various types. Depending on the plane of travel of the wreckage stands the angular offset, along the length or width. The most difficult rotation. In this case, one chip is rotated around the other.

Depending on the time of passage of the offset there are the following types:

  • primary - formed at the injury;
  • secondary - formed at the termination of the main traumatic factor, and due to physiological pressure its attached muscles.

The last classification largely determines the subsequent treatment. She explains how the damaged area is prone to modify or offset. If the bone structure able to hold in a natural position and don't move, the claim that the fracture is stable. Otherwise, it is unstable and liable to secondary displacement due to the fact that the muscle flexes and shortens.

As the diagnosis

Diagnosis of such injuries is simple. Initial diagnosis is based on symptoms that are common to virtually all types of fractures:

priem analgetikov pri perelome ruki

  1. A lot of pain. It arises abruptly at the time of injury until assistance is growing. Symptoms of pain specifies the exact location of the damagemay radiate to the surrounding area. For example, when damage to the bones in the area of the elbow is sore forearm or shoulder.
  2. The presence of severe swelling and bruising. The most expressed symptoms of defeat of the joints.
  3. Obvious symptoms, characterized by the presence of displacement of bone structures, that the modification and shortening of the damaged portion of the hand. Especially clearly seen when fracture of the arm and forearm.
  4. The restriction in the joint.
  5. About the presence of separate bone fragments is evidenced by their rustling. Especially well heard with the trauma of the humerus and the olecranon.
  6. If the fracture damages the nerve ends, the pain is accompanied by violation of the innervation or paralysis of the lower region.

Final diagnosis is made the patient is in the hospital with x-ray examination. It is conducted from several perspectives. This is often enough to determine the location and nature of damage.

How to give first aid

nalozhenie zhguta pri krovotecheniiWhat if the alleged victim with a broken arm, you need to provide first aid? The main thing - to immobilize injured limbs. Immobilization is achieved by a splint, for example, from the first aid kit. For this suitable and available materials: flat stick or plank. Fixes not only the location of the injury, but also the upstream and downstream region. This simple technique will help to reduce the pain and prevent displacement of the bone fragments.

What if even after immobilization of the arm is hurting badly? If the pain is unbearable, you can use painkillers from a home kit. Eat medication taken, it is necessary to warn the emergency physician or if the patient brought their own, specialist admissions.

Any fracture is accompanied by swelling. To facilitate the patient's condition and prevent crushing of hands and fingers immediately after the fracture of the affected limb is necessary to remove jewellery (bracelets, rings, watches).

Often open injury accompanied by massive bleeding. It must be stopped. Need to know what a tourniquet is applied only when arterial bleeding, and to stop the venous, it is sufficient to impose a pressure bandage.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N6DpUuiQGn8

The main treatment methods

If a broken arm in any place with no signs of bias, then treat it by splint made of plaster or plaster bandage. Depending on the localization of plaster bandages covered the damage area, as well as above and below it. Recently, forrestoring bone structure is applied not only gypsum, but also specialized immobilizing the tire.

Also treated and fractures with displacement. But before gypsuming is surgery to reposition the fracture. If you are diagnosed with comminuted fracture is the operation in which the fragments are combined with a special metal structures. Then the limb hipoteca.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSHQS1BS-qQ

Drug treatment is mainly aimed at restoration of bone tissue. To do this, the patient is prescribed a special diet and medications containing calcium.