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The symptoms and treatment of hip fracture in the elderly

Hip fracture in the elderly is a serious injury in the upper part of the femur. More than 90% of injuries of this kind occurs in the elderly, more often in women. Why specified fracture often occurs in older people, what are its manifestations and basic treatment principles should be addressed in more detail.

perelom shejki bedra

Features of the anatomical structure of the hip joint

The hip joint is heavily loaded during walking and a person in a standing position, connects the big thigh with elements of the pelvis. The main elements of the joints are articular - cartilage, capsule and cavity, the neck and the femoral head, lesser and greater trochanter.

The weakest part of the connection, able to fracture, especially my grandmother, is considered to be femoral neck. It is a thin part of the thigh bone that binds her body and head. Femoral neck located at a certain angle relative to the main part of the bone. It is established that the smaller the angle, the pressure increases on the joint probability of fracture increases.

Food neck and the femoral head are carried out by vessels passing inside the bone and on the lower side of the joint capsule. With age, the blood supply of the neck and the femoral head is deteriorating. In this regard, the elderly femoral neck fractures is fraught with serious consequences and complications. Causes necrosis and resorption of the femoral head due to disruption of normal blood supply.

Causes and main manifestations of cervical hip fracture in the elderly

stroenie bedraThe main reason for injury of the femoral neck in elderly people should be considered osteoporosis, i.e. decrease with age, bone strength. To obtain the fracture does not require the use of a large traumatic forces be quite normal accidental fall. May aggravate the situation the following risk factors:

  • weight;
  • Oncology;
  • vision;
  • menopause in women;
  • neurological diseases;
  • atherosclerosis etc.

The main symptoms of injury of the femoral neck are the following:

  • pain in the groin;
  • functional disorders of the feet;
  • the position of the injured leg outward;
  • reduce the length of the legs;
  • the appearance of a subcutaneous hematoma.

Injured, people can not step on the bad leg, can not walk alone. Pain in the groin occurs when a slight movement of the leg rest is missing. A sharp pain occurs when pressure is applied to the patient on the heel of the injured leg.

Because of the peculiarities of attachment of the muscles of the thighleg is turned outward, and the patient cannot turn the foot inwards. The injured leg is slightly shorter than the healthy. This is due to the displacement of fragments of bone. The elderly victim must be immediately taken to any emergency room.

Conservative treatment of injuries of the femoral neck

bol v pahu - simptom pereloma shejki bedraBefore arrival of physicians injured should be given first aid. This requires him to lay on his back and a broken leg to put any retainer improvised.

The cervical hip fracture in the elderly experienced trauma can easily be determined on the basis of characteristic symptoms. To confirm their assumptions about the presence of a fracture of the experts study of the hip joint by x-ray. Signs of injury of the specified kind can be identified and other kinds of modern research:

  • MRI;
  • CT;
  • Scintigraphy.

The main treatment for hip fracture can be:

  • conservative;
  • surgical.

The most effective method of treatment is surgery. Conservative treatment of hip fracture in the elderly is considered to be ineffective. It is only in the case of certain types of fractures, for example, if you fracture bottom of the neck of femur, and presence of strict contraindications to the appointment of the operation.

The scheme of conservative treatment different under certain types of fractures. For a simple hip fracture with no displacement, on the hip plot superimposes splints until complete fusion of the bones.

protez tazobedrennogo sustavaUpon detection of a bone fracture with displacement, imposed skeletal traction with a load up to 3 kg or derotation boot. If necessary, the produced local anesthesia. From the first days of treatment the patient in old age-a feasible physical activity and breathing exercises.

About 2 months removed skeletal traction on the injured place superimposed plaster bandage. Stepping on the affected leg using a Walker, is permitted in about half a year of productive treatment. The elderly patients often adhesions of the femoral neck occurs. The effects of conservative treatment for the elderly can lead to a fatal outcome. This may be caused by deep vein thrombosis, pneumonia etc.

Surgical treatment of injuries of the femoral neck in elderly

There are different types of surgical intervention for fractures of the femoral neck. An important factor in a favorable outcome furthertreatment is a manufacturing operation urgently, otherwise it will be imposed a temporary skeletal traction, which will increase the suffering of the patient.

At the heart of any operation specified type are similar concepts. In the course of operative intervention is the correct matching of the fragments and the resulting structure is securely fixed. The operation can be performed by closed or open method.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AL90-rtzJkc

Today, a proliferation of the following types of interventions:

  • hip replacement;
  • osteosynthesis of the femoral neck.

In the basis of replacement is full or partial replacement of his hip joint to the prosthesis. For the elderly apply grout method of fixation of the prosthesis. The average period of use of the prosthesis - 5 years before requiring replacement.

The aim of osteosynthesis of the femoral neck is a reliable fixation of bone fragments all to splice in the required position by means of strong designs from modern metal alloys. Bond bone can be carried out trenbolone nails Smith-Petersen, dynamic hip screw, three screws, etc.

After the operation, carried out a massive treatment with antibiotics, local and General anesthesia of the patient. Drugs are prescribed by the attending physician depending on the patient's condition. If necessary, use sedatives and hypnotics. After primary treatment in mandatory recovering in rehab.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2W26-mZk5yg

Thus, a hip fracture for the elderly is considered a serious challenge, difficult to treat. Preventive measures against osteoporosis, as the main causes of injuries in the elderly, will significantly reduce the risk of obtaining them.