Measures first aid in case of fracture of the pelvis

Pelvic bone injuries are quite common and dangerous. Often, how timely first aid in the fracture of the pelvis, depends on the outcome of treatment and the further prognosis. The pelvis is the centre of the skeleton and its support. Within the boundaries of this cavity are important internal organs: ureter, prostate, uterus, and ovaries.

Hip injuries pose a significant risk of sudden and abundant hemorrhage, rapidly developing traumatic shock, displacement and damage to organs in the joints of the pelvic bones. In addition, there are nerve roots, which govern the lower body and some upper elements. Therefore, when fractures of the pelvis it is important to immediately seek qualified trauma care.

Possible causes of fractures

Such trouble can happen to anyone, but especially difficult to treat and rehabilitate the injuries sustained by the children and the elderly, as this age of the bone is quite fragile. Causes of fractures can be:

• road traffic and rail accidents;
• injuries on the construction occurring due to negligence or disregard of safety rules;
• collapses of buildings and other structures during earthquakes or mine workings;
• birth in women with a small pelvis, which provoke avulsion fracture;
• strong tension in people engaged in active sports;
• a bad fall, even with his own height have a chance to cause a fracture in older people.

The severity of the condition and duration of treatment will depend on the force and type of injury.

Pelvic injuries can be schematically divided into two parts: the lungs, passing without complications, and severe, resulting in displacement, compression of the pelvis or organs.

Severe cases include:

• multiple fractures with preservation of the ring of the pelvis or outside of it - usually occur in direct direction of impact;
• fracture of the pelvic ring in different departments when the impact is performed vertically, or diagonally;
• injury of the acetabulum is often accompanied by dislocation of the femur;
• fractures of the hip bone associated with damage to internal structures.

Distinguish open and closed types of fractures. Counts the number of injured faces.

Particularly severe consequences may have fractures with a gap or compression of the pelvic organs. This is due to the frequentthe development of a painful shock, especially if the affected nerves. Dangerous situation with bleeding, or getting content of internal tissues to the peritoneum, as this can cause sepsis. Such States represent a threat to the life of the victim.

First aid for fractures of the pelvis

Time to provide assistance is very important in case of injury of the pelvis. All actions should be carried out gradually, in any case can not make a fuss and panic.

1. The first thing to do is as quickly as possible to call an ambulance.
2. It is necessary to reduce pain, entering orally or intramuscularly in the body is affected anesthetic. Of course, the unlikely possibility of injections, so often, if the patient is conscious, he is offered analgin or aspirin with diphenhydramine and a Cup of hot strong coffee.
3. If there is severe bleeding or torn open cavity, the flow of blood must be stopped immediately by imposition of a pressure bandage, and the wound treated with antiseptic. To reduce the flow of blood by using cold and salty liquid, which should be offered to the victim.
4. Immobilization and fixation of the correct position, called "position Volkovich", one of the main events of the urgent help to the patient. The person has to be on a flat surface under the upper body and knees you need to put cushions made from clothing, sheets or towels. In the end, the body of the victim should be in a horizontal, slightly raised position, lying on his back with divorced, bent slightly at the knee joints legs.

It is impossible to attempt to transport the patient to a medical facility, because such actions can cause the person irreparable harm. Especially if the damage to the internal structure of tissues and organs, and also to avoid injuries triggered by moving bone fragments.

Symptoms for fractures of the pelvis

It is quite diverse, as injuries come in various degrees of severity. There is the average scale of basic symptoms:

• severe pain;
• bruising and redness in the area of the fracture;
• sometimes with open wounds bleeding is observed;
• signs of traumatic shock;
• forced "frog" position;
• you may experience numbness of the lower half of the body;
• there are phenomena of crepitate (mobility of bone fragments);
• suspected malfunction of the organspelvis: acute lower abdominal pain, disorders of defecation and urination.

A painful shock may occur due to the pinched nerve, serious damage of the organs, squeezing and large blood loss. It features:

• tachycardia;
• pallor;
• blood pressure is lowered;
• sudden hyperhidrosis;
• violation of peripheral blood circulation;
• faint.

During shock, it is necessary to give the patient to drink plenty of salted water with the addition of soda, and use of sedatives and cardiac agents: Valerian, Corvalol, "Kordiamin".

Fracture of the ischium of the pelvic bone you can get when you fall in the gluteal region. He is accompanied by severe pain and even loss of consciousness.

The pubic bone is broken without damage to the ring of the pelvis is usually from the direct impact or compression. Possible large blood loss, so sometimes it is recommended a blood transfusion.

Injury to the coccyx causing the delay or soreness of the process of defecation. If the damage to the bladder, then there are symptoms such as:

• hematuria;
• the difficulty of the process of catheterization;
• frequent urge to urinate;
• bleeding from the ureter.

Fractures in the hip: diagnosis

The doctor carries out the examination of witnesses or the victim about the nature and location of the injury: a fall, accident, accident, natural disaster.

Further, the clinical picture is completed by an examination. Trauma draws attention to the following signs:

• forced position of the patient;
• on the request to lift his leg, the victim could not respond and to detach the heel from the surface; this is known doctors syndrome clearly describes the feature of the injury;
• depending on the type of fracture in the compression or dilution of the pelvic wings there is a sharp pain;
• extensive hemorrhage in the inguinal region say about serious injury;
• in milder forms of pelvic fractures people even able to move, but movement of legs and feet can be restricted and unnatural.

In addition to visual methods connected computer and radiographic studies.

Treatment of fractures of this localization is reduced to surgical or conservative methods.

Surgery is applicable in cases of polytrauma with injury to the internal structure of soft tissues, severe blood loss, multiple fractures and offsets.

Traditionaltreatment includes the use of the fixing apparatus, the appointment of anti-inflammatory drugs and vitamins, strict compliance with bed rest.

Therapy in favorable cases lasts from a month to 4 and assumes the continued use of crutches to full recovery.

It is necessary to follow exactly the mode and therapeutic purposes, as complications, especially if the damaged nerves can be disability, pain and disorders of the reproductive system.

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The rehabilitation period is long enough. Perhaps will long remain limp, but she is almost always reversible.

It is important to remember that first aid for fractures of the pelvis - the key to successful treatment in the future.